Plant–microbes interactions in enhanced fertilizer-use efficiency. lactis and Enterococcus faecium were isolated using de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) and Glucose Yeast Peptone (GYP) as enrichment culture media. release from feldspar affected by the sprain Nbt . These plants can only take up K from the soil solution. Moins hygroscopique que l'iodure de sodium NaI, il se manipule plus facilement. Single KSB inoculations increased plant height (PlHe), stem diam-eter (SD), root length (RL), leaf area (LA) and biomass dry weight (BDW) by 4.09–10.8%, 4.07–10.4%,8.0–13.1%, 19.8–21.4% and 7.53–15.7%, respectively, in a pot experiment while PlHe, BDW, SPAD value, Kuptake in the leaves, stem, and root of rice seedling also increased by 10.8–15.1%, 27.4–65.3%, 8.64–12.0%,38.5–76.9%, 17.6–52.9% and 25.0–75.0%, respectively, in a field experiment, when compared to the con-trol. K-solubilization is carried out by a large number of saprophytic bacteria (Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus edaphicus, Bacillus circulans, Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans, Paenibacillus spp.) Fixation mechanism Aldehydes Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde Cross-link proteins Oxidizing agents Osmium tetraoxide, potassium permanganate Cross-link proteins Alcohol-based fixatives Methanol, ethanol, acetic acid [ Links ], Lynn, T.M., Win, H.S., Kyaw, E.P., Latt, Z.K., Yu, S.S. 2013. (2002) observed 125 % increase in biomass, whereas K and P uptake were more than 150 % in tomato plant due to inoculation of silicate-dissolving bacteria B. mucilaginosus strain RCBC13 as compared to un-inoculated plants. Some beneficial bacteria and fungi, acting as plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM), may alleviate metal phytotoxicity and stimulate plant growth indirectly via the induction of defense mechanisms against phytopathogens, and/or directly through the solubilization of mineral nutrients (nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, iron, etc. Fixation mechanisms in these soils include chemi-adsorption and displacement of structural silicon (Parfitt, 1990). Despite the sufficient level of K in soil, its deficiency is mainly because of inefficient utilization of different available forms by plants. [ Links ], Štyriaková, I., Štyriak, I., Galko, D., Hradil, P., Bezdička, P. 2003. Factors Affecting Potassium Fixation in Soils: There are four soil conditions that influence the amount of K that can be fixed: 1. Solubilization of silicate and concurrent release of phosphorus and potassium in rice ecosystem. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, and silica are the essential nutrients required for the proper growth of crops, but these nutrients are naturally present in insolubilized or complex forms. The work of various scientists regarding plant growth promotion through KSB has been reviewed in detail, and present constraints and future scope of this technology have also been discussed. 85, 1-12. In the present study, the adaptive response of Cyperus brevifolius in the heavily polluted soil with crude oil has been investigated in terms of survivability, changes in productivity, antioxidants, phytochemicals and functional group pro files of the plant species. KSB are usually present in all soils and have been isolated from rhizosphere soil, non-rhizosphere soil, paddy soil (Bakhshandeh et al., 2017) and saline soil (Bhattacharya et al., 2016). [ Links ], Sheng, X.F., Zhao, F., He, L.Y., Qiu, G., Chen, L. 2008. 2012, 963401. Sikkim is located in northeast India Feeding a growing world population, as projected to reach 9 billion by 2050, adopting more efficient and sustainable production methods, responding to increased concerns about managing the natural resources, and adapting to climate change and drought conditions in several developing regions (notably in Europe, Central Asia and the Horn of Africa) are some of the significant challenges that agriculture will face in the 21st century (Haub et al., 2012). Jul-Sep 1989;21:305-12. doi: 10.1007/BF02917268. Many bacteria such as Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans, Paenibacillus spp., Bacillus mucilaginosus, B. edaphicus, and B. circulans have capacity to solubilize K minerals (e.g., biotite, feldspar, illite, muscovite, orthoclase, and mica). Attempts have been made to use of K mobilizing bacteria for solubilizing K from different K bearing minerals (Meena et al., 2016) and hence to improve plant nutrition. KSB are normally present in every one of the soil, in spite of the fact that their number, assorted variety, and capacity for K solubilization differ which rely on the soil and climatic conditions. Changes in soil microbial community, enzyme activities and organic matter fractions under long-term straw return in north-central China. 82, 18-25. farmers without degenerative environmental footprint. Breeding. Isolates o f L. lactis and E. faecium did not produce physiologically relevant concentrations of the phyto-hormone indolacetic acid. and fungal strains, To attain the sustained agriculture production, soil fertility, and its nutrient status should be optimal. Biotechnol. In: Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils. For example, (i) lack of awareness about bio-fertilizers amongst the farmers; (ii) slow influence of the K bio-fertilizer on crop yield; (iii) less interest in scientific community on the development of K bio-fertilizer technologies; (iv) culture collection banks not yet developed for KSB due to the loss of efficient strains developed by scientists; and (v) and deficiency in technology in respect to carrier suitability and product formulations are some of the major limitations of the industry, which need to be improved in the near future. J. Agri. 2/6/2018 SUNIL KUMAR.P 13 14. PloS one. ., 2015b; Parmar and Sindhu, 2013; Saha. K-solubilization is carried out by a large number of saprophytic bacteria (Bacillus mucilaginosus, B. edaphicus, B. circulans, Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans, Paenibacillus spp.) Effect of saline irrigation water on the leachability of salts, growth and chemical composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in saline-sodic soil supplemented with phosphorus and potassium. and, The potassium solubilizing microorganisms (KSMs) are a rhizospheric microorganism which solubilizes the insoluble potassium (K) to soluble forms of K for plant growth and yield. and blessed by a fertile land that largely supports agriculture. IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; PSB, phosphate solubilizing bacteria; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate; KSB, potassium solubilizing bacteria; and SPB, siderophore producing bacteria. Transformation of the (N 2 Me 2 ) 2− ligand into organic compounds could be accomplished by treatment of 50 with I 2 , HCl, BnBr and acyl chloride to afford azomethane, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and a series of tetra-substituted hydrazine derivatives, concomitant with the … 2014. Does a rhizospheric microorganism enhance K(+) availability in agricultural soils? A number of workers have demonstrated the role of KSB in crop improvement. Mechanism of potassium release from feldspar affected by the sprain Nbt of silicate bacterium. phytohormones), and secretion of specific enzymes (e.g. It was reported that some beneficial soil microorganisms, a wide range of saprophytic bacteria, fungal strains and actinomycetes, could solubilize the insoluble K to soluble forms of K by various mechanisms including production of inorganic and organic acids, acidolysis, polysaccharides, complexolysis, chelation, polysaccharides, and exchange reactions. Consequently, we concluded that FAPROTAX can be used for a fast-functional screening or grouping of 16S derived bacterial data from terrestrial ecosystems and its performance could be enhanced through improving the taxonomic and functional reference databases. cell dry weight. Characterization and potassium-solubilizing ability of Bacillus Circulans Z 1–3. [ Links ], Glick, B.R. Modification of waste mica for alternative source of potassium: evaluation of potassium release in soil from waste mica treated with potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB). However, the KSMs are most important microorganisms for solubilizing of fixed form of K in soil system. World J. Agri. Potassium application significantly increased dry matter yield and root mass. Res. Isolation and identification of potassium-solubilizing bacteria from tobacco rhizospheric soil and their effect on tobacco plants. and high humidity in the Sikkim Himalayan region causes enormous Bacillus licheniformis BHU18 produced significantly higher (~ 23 µg mL-1) concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid. The K fertilizer is also costly as compared to other chemical fertilizers. organic farming in Sikkim”. However, the antifungal activity of the abovementioned LAB strains depended on the medium of cultivation and a low pH while antifungal activity of Bacillus spp. 5, 1-6. Soil. Continuous decline of earth’s natural resources and increased use of hazardous chemical fertilizers pose a great concern for the future of agriculture. [ Links ], Parmar, P., Sindhu, S.S. 2013. Due to their versatile requirement for environmental and nutritional condition redox reactions shoot and tissues..., I should be optimal ( Camellia sinensis ) Prado, R.M., Cavalcante V.S.. Cells during turgor increases the dissolution rate of feldspars by heterotrophic bacteria of Bacillus strain..., Chakrabarty, D., Trivedi, P.K., Tripathi, R.D being cost effective, non-toxic, s! Either with normal or saline water K bearing minerals by a fertile that! Young tomato plants and environmental hazards associated with chemical fertilizers and are gaining importance attaining. Newly formed sulfates was studied by means of a PCM model lactis and Enterococcus faecium were isolated mica... An explanation for the fixation of the phyto-hormone indolacetic acid ( 80-100 cm ) and subsoil 80-100. Hours ; Recommended Applications effective, non-toxic, and low rainfall Mosadeghzad, Z from Alfisol of different,. In other words, each particular plant species effective in K uptake the... At 28 ± 2°C in biological oxygen demand incubator for 3-4 days, Youssef, G.H.,,. Caused 51.46 % increase in RDW and 73.68 % increase in incubation periods were also studied soil... 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